Due to the nature of their physical infrastructure, electricity and gas networks cannot be operated on a competitive basis – anyone wishing to transport energy is dependent on the relevant network operator. Similar structures also characterise district heating supply and the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, whilst the fuel market is characterised by particular market concentrations. The Monopolies Commission therefore examines every two years how competition and regulation are developing in the energy markets: it assesses market structures, competitive and regulatory frameworks, and formulates recommendations for an effective competition policy in the energy sector. The basis for the regularly published sector report is Section 62 of the Energy Industry Act. The Monopolies Commission also addresses current developments in the energy sector in main reports, policy briefs and other statements.